The Brazilian Automobile Confederation (CBA) said De Ferran suffered a heart attack at a private motor racing club in Opa-locka, Florida, on Friday.
In a statement, the CBA added he was “promptly taken to a local hospital but did not survive”.
Since May, De Ferran had worked for Formula 1 team McLaren in a consultant advisory role, having previously served as sporting director from 2018 to 2021.
The team said in a statement: “Everyone at McLaren Racing is shocked and deeply saddened to learn we have lost a beloved member of our McLaren family.
“Gil was an important and integral part of our Racing team. He was a formidable force on and off track and made a lasting impact on everyone racing and working alongside him.”